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Is Deionized Water the same as Distilled Water?

In short; deionized water and distilled water are not the same because they are not manufactured using the same method of production, but you will find that deionized water can be used in the great majority of applications where distilled water is commonly used.  And generally speaking, deionized water is purer.

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Distillation is the oldest form of water purification, and is a fairly straight forward process, whereby water is placed in a heating vessel and a heat source is used to bring the water up to boiling temperature. The steam that is produced is then condensed and collected by using a cooling device (often called a condenser) so that it returns to its liquid state.  Many of the water contaminants are left in the boiling vessel, which leaves the condensed water in a fairly pure state.

Deionisation of water using Ion Exchange resins is a much more effective way of producing pure water than distillation. The water is passed through spherical, porous resin bed materials, or ‘Ion-Exchange Resins’. This process allows the ions in the water to exchange with ions fixed to the beads.  When deionising the water, the beads will either exchange Hydrogen Ions for Cations or Hydroxyl Ions for Anions.  When exhausted, the resins can often be regenerated by either using strong acids or basis.  This process will eventually damage the polymer chains constituting the beads, which means that new resins must be used in order to maintain the effectiveness of the process.